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- ANALOG RTTY/AMTOR/PACTOR MODEM
-
- MODEL AN-93
-
-
-
- J.B. Forrer
- 26553 Priceview Drive
- Monroe, OR 97456
- United States of America
-
-
-
- In response to numerous requests for a good performing HF modem
- to be used in conjunction with PC-based software TNC's, a modem
- based on proven and tested principles was developed. The AN-93
- design is a compact, low cost solution for both advanced and
- beginning HF-digital enthusiasts.
-
- The AN-93 modem is now available as a kit of parts, or
- alternatively in assembled modular form.
-
- Note: The kit is for advanced constructors only. You will be
- working with tiny parts that are quite fragile. Please do
- not attempt this project if you do not have a pencil-style
- low-wattage soldering iron, and a steady hand. You have been
- warned.
-
- There are two PCB's - one contains all parts for the demodulator,
- the other contains the display unit and A/D convertor. Both
- boards are required because connections to the outside world are
- routed through them.
-
- The parts kit consists of:
-
- 1% resistors, 5% resistors, capacitors
- switching, germanium, and zener diodes
- transistors, IC's, multiturn potentiometers
- LED display, IC sockets
- 5V voltage regulator, DC power connector
- RJ11 phone socket, IDC board interconnect plugs
-
- You will need to supply your own enclosure and wall-mounted 9V
- 150mA psu.
-
- It is a neat idea to mount the two boards piggyback on a low-cost
- serial/parallel IO card and steal the +/- 12V power from the PC.
- Connection to the RS232 may be made through a modified header
- cable. The connection to your rig could be made through a
- connector mounted on a backplate in a spare slot. A 5 pin DIN
- sounds like a good connector for this purpose. If you mount the
- modem internally and wish to use the LED tuning display, you will
- have to fabricate a IDC connector to mount the LED display
- remotely.
- AN-93 specifications
-
-
-
- 1. Compact active filter design.
-
- 2. 170 Hz shift. Operation at 200 Hz shift is possible
- with re-alignment.
-
- 3. 2125/2295 Hz tones.
-
- 4. Data rates up to 200 baud.
-
- 5. Extensive filtering, combined with a well-balanced
- discriminator and post-discriminator signal processing,
- ensures good performance even under adverse conditions.
-
- 6. Computer data interface provides both hard, and "soft"
- signals for implementation of advanced error correction
- software techniques.
-
- 7. Useful bargraph tuning indicator as well as ±1V discriminator
- channel output for X-Y oscilloscope displays.
-
- 8. Standard RS232 interface for data and PTT.
-
- 9. Provides for ±5V fsk keying.
-
- 10. Powered by a 9V 150mA wall-mounted supply.
-
- AN-93 description
-
-
-
- A brief description of the modem's architecture follows:
-
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │ │
- │(A)┌─────┐ ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────┐ │
- │>>─│ AGC ├──┤ PRE-FILTER HP ├──┤ PRE-FILTER LP ├──┤LIMITER│ │
- │ └─────┘ └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ └───┬───┘ │
- │ │ │
- │ ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ │ │
- │ │ ACTIVE ├──┤ MARK FILTER ├──────┤ │
- │ │ │ └───────────────┘ │ │
- │ ┌─────┤ │ ┌───────────────┐ │ │
- │ │ │ COMBINER ├──┤ SPACE FILTER ├──────┘ │
- │ │ └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ │
- │ │ │
- │ │ ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ ┌──────┐ (B)│
- │ └─────┤ POST DISC LP ├┬─┤ ATC ├──┤SLICER├─>> │
- │ └───────────────┘│ └───────────────┘ └──────┘ │
- │ ┌──────────────────────┘ │
- │ │ ┌───────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │
- │ ├─────┤BARGRAPH DRIVER├──┤ █▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒█ │ │
- │ │ └───────────────┘ └─────────────┘ │
- │ │ ┌───────────────┐ (C) │
- │ └─────┤ A/D CONVERTOR ├──>> │
- │ └───────────────┘ │
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
-
-
- AGC
-
-
-
- The first stage is an automatic gain control (AGC). This stage is
- for coping with an extremely large dynamic input range. The time
- constants for AGC action does not interfere with the rhythm of
- either AMTOR or PACTOR operation. AGC action starts at roughly
- 100 mV of signal. The merits of AGC has been debated in the past,
- however, without some form of signal level control, severe
- distortion could occur in the filter stages.
-
-
-
- Pre-filter bandpass
-
-
-
- The pre-filter bandpass is implemented with separate third order
- highpass and lowpass active filter. The required bandwidth for
- pre-filter bandpass filters for RTTY, AMTOR, and PACTOR are
- summarized in the table below.
-
-
-
- ┌───────────────────────┬────────┬─────────────────────┐
- │ Signalling rate │ Shift │ Occupied bandwidth │
- │ bps │ Hz │ Hz │
- ├───────────────────────┼────────┼─────────────────────┤
- │RTTY 45.45 │ 170 │ 216 │
- │ 50 │ 170 │ 220 │
- │ 75 │ 170 │ 245 │
- │ 110 │ 170 │ 280 │
- │AMTOR 100 │ 170 │ 270 │
- │PACTOR 100 │ 200 │ 300 │
- │ 200 │ 200 │ 400 │
- └───────────────────────┴────────┴─────────────────────┘
-
-
-
- The effective response of the HP/LP pre-filter is wider than the
- required maximum. The measured -6dB (half voltage point)
- bandwidth is in excess of 1 Khz.
-
-
-
- Limiter
-
-
-
- The output from the pre-filter is hard limited before being
- applied to the mark and space channel discriminator filters.
-
-
-
- Channel filters
-
-
-
- A pair of bi-quad active filters are used in the discriminator.
- There obviously is a compromise for optimal bandwidth of the
- channel filters to accommodate a range of bit rate between 200
- and 45.45 bps and 170 Hz shift.
-
- The occupied channel bandwidth is approximately 300 Hz.
-
-
-
- Scope output
-
-
-
- Outputs from the channel filters are buffered for oscilloscope
- tuning purposes.
-
-
-
- Detection and post-detection filter
-
-
-
- Recovery of the modulation is though rectification. The combined
- signal is further low-pass filtered to remove the carrier tones
- and thus producing the recovered modulation signal. The post
- discriminator low-pass filter, is a third-order Chebycheff active
- filter with a cutoff of approximately 200 Hz. This allows for
- high speed PACTOR demodulation.
-
-
-
- ATC and slicer
-
-
-
- To cope with signals that are slightly off frequency, an
- automatic threshold corrector (ATC) is used. This circuit will
- track unsymmetry in discriminator output signal due to slightly
- off frequency signals. Note that the ATC has a relatively long RC
- constant in order not to interfere with the rhythm of AMTOR or
- PACTOR.
-
- The slicer stage, neatly squares and level shifts the recovered
- signal to RS232 level.
-
-
-
-
- AN-93 PRICING
-
-
-
- Printed manual ---- $5.00
- PCB's AN-93A,AN-93D ---- $50.00
- Parts ---- $75.00
- Shipping and handling --- $5.00
- ==========
- TOTAL $135.00
- ==========
-
- Please add $50 for assembled and tested modules.
-
- Checks or money orders accepted. Foreign transactions must be
- drawn on US banks.
-
- Assembled and tested modules have a 30 day money-back guarantee.
- Disclaimer
-
-
-
- Prices and specifications are subject to change without notice.
-
- The author and designer of this product, Johan Forrer, KC7WW is
- not responsible for any damage, injury, loss of profit or gain
- associated with the use, installation, or application of this
- product.
-
-
-
- (C) Copyright J.B. Forrer 1992,1993
-
-
-
- J.B Forrer
- April 1993